iPhone 开发教程(斯坦福大学)

Class is a blueprint for instances.

Instance: a specific allocation of a class

Method: a function that an object knows how to perform

Instance Variable(or ''ivar"): a specific piece of data belonging to an object.

Encapsulation: keep implementation private and separate from interface

Polymorphism: different objects, same interface

Inheritance: hierarchical organization, share code, customize or extend behaviors.

Objective-C

Strict superset of C

• Mix C with ObjC
• Or even C++ with ObjC (usually referrend to as ObjC++)

A very simple language, but some new syntax

Single inheritance, classes inherit from one and only one superclass

Protocols define behavior that cross classes

Dynamic runtime

Loosely typed, if you'd like

Classes and Objects

• Classes declare state and behavior
• State (data) is maintained using instance variables
• Behavior is implemented using methods
• Instance variables typically hidden Accessible only using getter/setter methods

Dot Syntax

convenient shorthand for invoking accessor methods

float height = [person height];

foat height = person.height;

[person setHeight:newHeight];

person.height = newHeight;

[[person child] setHeight:newHeight];

// exactly the same as

person.child.height = newHeight;

Dynamic and static typing

• Dynamically-typed object        

      id anObject

• Statically-typed object

      Person *anObject

 Objects represented in format strings using %@